Crucifixion and

 Shroud Studies

                 Medical Aspects of the Crucifixion 

   

 

 

 

STUDIES:

Medical Aspects of the Crucifixion

Barbet Revisited
 

Man of the Shroud Was Washed

Forensic and Clinical Knowledge  of the Practice of Crucifixion

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PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS

Recent Publications

  • Zugibe, F.T., The Jospice Mattress Cover Image

     

  •  Zugibe, F.T. New Experimental Studies in Crucifixion in 2002 Proceedings of IV Symposium  Scientifique International Sur Le Linceuil de Turin, Paris,  April 26, 2002.
                              

  • Zugibe, F.T. Doctors at Calvary: Victims of Crucifixion Were Unable to Push Themselves Up While Fastened to the Cross. Shroud.  Newsletter 53:22-29, 2001. British Society for the Turin Shroud #53, July 200,1pg.22-29.  
     

  • Zugibe, F.T.   The Hand Wound Controversy; in Proceedings of the 1999 Shroud of Turin International Research Conference, Richmond Va. Edited by Bryan J. Walsh Press, Va. pges. 9-16, 2000. 
     

  • Zugibe, F.T.   Forensic and Clinical Knowledge of the Practice of Crucifixion; A Forensic Way of the  Cross  in The Turin Shroud; Past, Present and Future, edit. by  Scannerini and P. Savarino. International Sci. Sympos.,Turin, Italy Mar. 2000, Effata Editrice, pges. 235-258, 2000.
     

  • Dr. Zugibe's manuscript, entitled, "Cardiotoxic Mechanisms and Interrelationships of Cocaine"  was recently published in the Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine (5:140-146, 1998). This paper describes and collates all of the mechanisms implicated in cardiac toxicity and depicts them in chart form for easy visualization. 

 Books and Book Chapters

   Recent:

1.       Zugibe, F.T., Eat, Drink and Lower Your Cholesterol, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New York, 1963.

2.      Zugibe, F.T., The Natural History of Vascular Change in Clinical  Features of the Aging Patient.  Edited by J.T. Freeman Thomas Publishing Co., 1965.

3.      Zugibe, F.T., Atherosclerosis in the Miniature Pig in Comparative Atherosclerosis; the Morphology of Spontaneous and Induced Atherosclerotic Lesions in Animals and its Relation to Human Disease.  Edited by J.C. Roberts and R. Straus.  Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row, 1965.

4.      Zugibe, F.T., Relationship Between Chondroitin Sulfate and Collagen in Atherosclerosis in Le Role De La Paroi Arterielle Dans L Atheragenese. Editions du Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 15 Qual Anatole-France-Paris Vlle, 1968.kj

5.      Zugibe, F.T., Diagnostic Histochemistry, C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis 1970, 377 pages.

6.      Zugibe, F.T., Gilbert E., Opitz, J., McMillan, M.D., & Hermann, J.   Arthrodentoosseous Dysplasia, A Genetic Acroosteolysis Syndrome.in Limb Malformations, Original Art. Series Vol X #5, edited by D. Bregsma,  V. McKusick, E. Pierce and L.S. Levin, 1974.

7.      Zugibe, F.T., Sudden Death Related to the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Legal Medicine Annual.  1980-1981  Edit. by Cyril H. Wecht., Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1980.

8.      Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and the Shroud - A Medical Examiner Investigates the Crucifixion - Angelus/Exposition Press, Smithtown, N.J., 1982.

9.      Zugibe, F.T., Fourteen Days to a Healthy Heart - Macmillan Publishing Co., New York., 1986.

10.     Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and the Shroud - A Medical Inquiry into the Crucifixion, Second Edition - Paragon House Publishing Co., New York 1988.

11.     Zugibe, F.T., Costello, J. and Breithaupt, M., Cardiotoxic Mechanisms and Interrelationships of Cocaine: in  Theories, Models, Methods, Approaches, Assumptions, Results and Findings  Edit. by Damien Hurst,  Ch. 9,  pges. 89-96,  Westerhan Press, England, 2000.

BOOKLET

1.   The Healthy Heart Book; Feeling Great and Living Better.   Blue Cross & Blue Shield, 1989

AUDIO TAPES

1.    Skeletal and Head Trauma in Child Abuse.  In Practical Reviews: Forensic Medicine and Sciences
         Guest Presentation,  Vol.1 #4, Dec. 1998

TELEVISION APPEARANCES as an expert in  FORENSIC PATHOLOGY.

                   [Heraldo Show, MSNBC, CNN, CBS, CNBC, etc.]

Regarding the  Jon Binet Ramsey Case, Au Pere Case, Grossberg-Peterson Case, Princess Diane Death,  Marv Albert Case, etc.

 

 VIDEO DOCUMENTARIES

1.   The Shroud of Turin ,  CBC,  segment  on Cause of Death  in  Crucifixion Studies. Easter 1992).

2.   HOW JESUS DIED,  the final 18 hours ,  Videocasette (35 minus) Trinity Pictures, 1994.
         [ Appears periodically on the Learning Channel and on other programs..

3.  Faith v. Science -Australia,  III Int. Congress, Turin 1998, 60 Minutes.   appeared in Australia and throughout Europe. Fall 1998.

4.  History's Mysteries: The Shroud of Turin.  The History Channel.  First appearance
             4/3/00 and 4/21/00.

5.  The Shroud of Turin:  FOCUS, Channel WLAE,  New Orleans 4/4/ and 4/5/00.     

6.  A Forensic Way of the Cross: FOCUS, Channel WLAE, New Orleans 4/4/00.

7.      The Son of Man  series,  BBC, Easter week 2001.

8.      Jesus the Man   Discovery Channel. Easter week 2001.     

9.      Stigmata and The Shroud of Turin on  In Search Of : Sept. 2001.

10. Stigmata,  GRB Productions,  Learning Channel.  Oct. 2001.   

11.  Leonardo DaVinci and the Shroud of Turin, National Geographic, Spring-Summer 2002.

12.  Beyond Endurance,  BBC  in prep.

 13. The Mystery of Jesus, CNN   April 2003.

PUBLICATIONS

1.      Smelser, G.T., Ozanics, V., and Zugibe, F.T., "The Production of Exophthalmus in the Absence of Adrenal and Ovarlan Hormones"  Anat. Rec. 131: 701, 1958.

2.      Zugibe, F.T., Kopaczyk, K., Cape, W., and Last, J.H. "A New Carbowax Method for Routinely Performing Lipid Hematoxylin, and Eosin and Elastic Staining Techniques on Adjacent Freeze- Dried or Formalin Fixed Tissues:  J. Histochem.  Cytochem. 6:133-138, 1958.

3.      Zugibe, F.T., Fink, M.L., and Brown, K.D. "Carbowax Flotation Technique" Letters to the Editor Section, J. Histochem. Cytochem.  6:381, 1958.

4.      Zugibe, F.T. and Brown, K.D., "Lipid and Acid Polysaccharide Relationship in Human Aortas" Circulation 18:804, 1958.

5.      Zugibe, F.T., Brown, K.D., and Last, J.H., "A New Staining Technique for Simultaneously Demonstrating Lipid and Acid Polysaccharides on the Same Tissue Section"  J. Histochem. Cytochem. 7:100, 1959.

6.      Zugibe, F.T., Fink, M.L., and Brown, K.D., "Carbowax 400: A New Solvent for Oil Red O and Sudan IV for Staining Carbowax- Embedded and Frozen Sections" Stain Tech.  34:33-37, 1959.

7.      Zugibe, F.T. and Brown, K.D., "Histochemistry of the Cerebral Arteries"  Circulation 20:971, 1959.

8.      Zugibe, F.T. and Brown, K.D., "Histochemical Studies of Atherogenesis:  Human Aortas"  Circulation Res. 8:287, 1960.

9.      Zugibe, F.T., Fink, M.L., and Brown, K.D., "A New Technic for Processing Membrane and Membrane-like Structures including cerebral and Coronary Arteries of Fetuses, infants and Laboratory Animals"  Proceedings of the 1960 International Microscopy Symposium, Chicago, Ill.  148-150, June 13-15 1960.

10.     Zugibe, F.T., Fink, M.L., and Brown, K.D., "Difficulties Encountered in Carbowax Embedding"  Proceedings of the 1960 International Microscopy Symposium, Chicago.  pp. 153-154, June 13-15, 1960.

11.     Zugibe, F.T., and Brown, K.D., "Histochemistry of the Coronary Arteries"  Circulation 21:654, 1960.

12.     Zugibe, F.T., "A New Histoenzymatic Technique for Demonstrating and Identifying the Individual Acid Mucopolysaccharides in Human Arteries" J. Histochem. Cytochem. 9:610-611,1961.

13.     Zugibe, F.T. and Brown, K.D., "Histochemical Studies in Atherogenesis:  Human Cerebral Arteries" Circulation Res. 9:897-905, 1961.

14.     Zugibe, F.T., Bourke, D.W., and Brown K.D., "A Plastic Injection Method for Post-Mortem Assessment of the Coronary Arteries; A Preliminary Report:  Am. J. Clin. Path.  35:563. 1961 and Tech. Bull. 31:77, 1961.

15.     Zugibe, F.T., "A Rectangular Punch for Obtaining Samples of Arteries for Histological and Ultramicrochemical Analyses" Amer. J. Clin. Path. 36:260-261, 1961.

16.     Zugibe, F.T., "The Relationship Between the Chondroitin Sulfates and Collagen in  Human Arteries with Aging"  H. Geronotol. 16:392, 1961.

17.     Zugibe, F.T. and Fink, M.L., Histochemical and Histologic Methods Used in Cardiovascular Research" Circulation 24:1108, 1961.

18.     Zugibe, F.T. and Fink, M.L., Histochemical Studies of the Coronary Arteries and Aortas of the Minipig"  Circulation 24:1108, 1961.

19.   Zugibe, F.T., Our Crucified God. Tertiary Topics #3, 14:1-
                     4,  1961.

20.     Zugibe, F.T.  He Chose His Heart. Tertiary Topics #6, 14:
                        31- 34, 1961.

21.     Zugibe, F.T., "The Demonstration of the Individual Acid Mucopolysaccharides In Human Aortas, Coronary Arteries and Cerebral Arteries.  I.  The Methods" J. Histochem. Cytochem.  10:441-447, 1962.

22.     Zugibe, F.T., "The Demonstration of the Individual Acid Mucopolysaccharides In Human Aortas, Coronary Arteries and Cerebral Arteries.  II.  Identification and Significance with Aging"  J. Histochem. Cytochem.  10:448-461, 1962. 23. Zugibe, F.T. and Fink, M.L., "Two New Ion Association Complexes for Use In Acid Mucopolysaccharide Demonstration"  J. Histochem. Cytochem.  10:683, 1962.

24.    Zugibe, F.T., Eat, Drink and Lower Your Cholesterol,   McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New York, 1963.

25.     Zugibe, F.T., "Mucopolysaccharides of the Arterial Wall"  J.
                        Histochem. Cytochem. 11:35-39, 1963.

26.     Zugibe, F.T. and Fink, M.L., "A Glass Cap Technique for Enzyme Histochemistry and Correlative Ultramicro Analysis"  The Microscope and Crystal Front  13:375-377, 1963.

27.     Zugibe, F.T. and Vester, J.W., "Coronary Stenosis and Myocardial Enzyme Loss"  Circulation  28:828-829, 1963.

28.     Zugibe, F.T. and Fink, M.L., "Simultaneous Insolubilization of Acid Polysaccharides and Decalcification of Cartilage and Bone:  The Microscope and Crystal Front  4:13-15,1963.

29.     Rosomoff, H.L. and Zugibe, F.T., "Distribution of the Intracranial Contents in Experimental Edema"  Arch. Neurology 9:26-34, 1963.

30.     Zugibe, F.T., "Histochemical Studies in Coronary Atherogenesis: Comparison with Aortic and Cerebral Atherogenesis: Circulation Research  3:401-409, 1963.

31.     Zugibe, F.T., Pepine, Cl, Bell, P., and Must. J.  "The Shear and Pearse Method for Direct Histochemical Demonstration of Sialic Acid"  Nature 201:630, 1964.

 

32.     Zugibe, F.T. and Conley, T., "A Low Temperature Metal Alloy for Making Rapid Casts of Blood Vessels, Aorta Valves and Atherosclerotic Impressions of Opened Arteries"

Archives of Pathology  77:558, 1964.

 

33.     Lee, S., Magovern, G.J., Zugibe, F.T., and Orwig, V., "Segmental Free Autograft of the Internal Mammary Artery to Coronary Circumflex" Arch. Surgery

 

34.     Zugibe, F.T. and Fink, M.L., "A New Histochemical Smear Technique for Testing Polyanions"  The Microscope and Crystal Front   14:260-263, November-December, 1964.

 

35.     Zugibe, F.T., "A New Combination Stain for Elastin and Polysaccharides"  The Microscope and Crystal Front 14, September-October,1964.

 

36.     Zugibe, F.T., Bell, PLl, Jr., and Conley T., "Radiopaque Plastic Injection Technique for Assessing Coronary Stenosis and Collateralization at Autopsy" Circulation 29:32-33, 1964.

 

37.     Zugibe, F.T., Conley, T., and Bell, P., Jr., "Grading Coronary Stenosis"  Circulation 29:33, 1964.

 

38.     Zugibe, F.T., "Atherosclerosis in the Miniature Pig" Atlas of Comparative Atherosclerosis, Proceedings of the Conference of Comparative Atherosclerosis, American Heart Association Council on Arteriosclerosis.  Paul Hoever Publishing Company. Color plates pp 37-42, 1965.

 

39.     Zugibe, F.T., "The Natural History of Vascular Change in Clinical Features of the Older Patient"  Edited by Freeman, J.T., Charles Thomas Publishing Company.  pp. 91-102, 1965.

 

40.     Zugibe, F.T., "A New Ion Association Technique for Demonstrating Polyanions in Tissue Sections"  J. Histochem. Cytochem.  14:147, 1966.

 

41.     Zugibe, F.T., "A New Ion Association Technique for Identifying Individual Mucopolysaccharides in Tissue Sections" J. Histochem. Cytochem.  14: 153, 1966.

42.     Zugibe, F.T., Conley, T., Bell, P., Jr., and Standish, M. "Assessing Myocardial Alterations at Autopsy in the Absence of Gross and Microscopic Changes." Circulation 37: 218, 1965.

43.     Zugibe, F.T., "Mixer for Ultramicro Enzyme Digestions." Ann.
                         Biochem.  14:165, 1966.

 44.     Zugibe, F.T., Conley, T., Bell, P., Jr. and Standish, M. "Determination of Myocardial Alterations at Autopsy in the Absence of Gross and Microscopic Changes." Arch. Path. 81:409, 1966.

 45.     Zugibe, F.T., Bell, P., Jr. and Conley, T. "A Radiopaque- Plastic Injection Method for Assessing the Coronary Arteries and the Vasculature of Other Organs." Angiology 19:25-35, 1968.

 46.   Zugibe, F.T., "Relationship Between Chondroitin Sulphate and Collagen in Atherosclerosis in Proced. of Int. Cong. on Atherogenesis, "Paris, Ed. by L. Scebat Publ. date Spring, 1968.  Le Role de la  paroi arterielle dans la atherogenesese colloques Internationaux due Centre Nationale de la  Recherche Scientifique #129 Paris 1967-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

 47.     Yarrington, T. & Zugibe, F.T., "The Ultrastructures of the Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion."  J. of Laryngology and Otology 83:361-365, 1969.

 48.     Zugibe, F.T., Gilbert, E. and Graziano, D. "Glycoprotein
                         Storage Disease, a New Entity." Am. J. Med. 47:135-
                         140, 1969.

 49.     Zugibe, F.T., "Positive Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining of Acid  Mucopolysaccharides."  The Histochemical Journal 2:191-197, 1970.

 50.     Zugibe, F.T., "Method of Making Wax Troughs for Glass Knives in methodology of Electron Microscopy"  Ed. by Zane Price.1970.

 51.     Jones, B., Gilbert, E., Zugibe, F.T. and Thompson, H. "The
                         Sea Blue Histiocyte Disease in Siblings.  Nature, July
                        1970. 

52.     Zugibe, F.T., Diagnostic Histochemistry, C.V. Mosby Publ., St. Louis, 1970, 366 pages. 

53.     Zugibe, F.T., "The Office of the Medical Examiner",  Bulletin of the Rockland County Medical Society, Dec. 1970. 

54.     Zugibe, F.T., "A Small Lightweight, Nose-mouth Mask to obviate odors of putrefaction, "F.B.I.  Enforcement Bulletin, March 1971. 

55.     Zugibe, F.T., Conley, T., Bell, P., Jr. and Standish, M. Enzyme Decay Curves in Normal & Infarcated Myocardium. Arch.  Path. 93:308-311, 1972. 

56.     Hermann, J., Zugibe, F.T., Gilbert, E. & Opitz, J. M.  Arthrodentoosteodysplasia, Review of a Genetic Acro-Osteolysis Syndrome,  Zeltschrift fur Kinderheilkunde 114, 93-110, 1973. 

57.     Zugibe, F.T., Jr. and Zugibe, F.T.  Fuchsinophilia and Fuchsinorrhagia Staining Techniques Arch.  Path.  96:243-244, 1973. 

58.     Zugibe, F.T., & Gilbert, E., Torsion and Constriction of the Umbilical Cord as a Cause of Fetal Death. Arch.  Path.  97:58-59, 1974. 

59. Zugibe,     F.T., Gilbert E., Opitz, J., McMillan, M.D., & Hermann, J.   Arthrodentoosseous Dysplasia, A Genetic Acroosteolysis Syndrome.in  Limb Malformations, Original Art. Series Vol X #5, edited by D. Bregsma,  V. McKusick, E. Pierce and L.S. Levin, 1974. 

60.     Zugibe, F.T., Sudden Death Related to the Use of Psychotrophic Drugs in Legal Medicine Annual, 1980-81, Edit. by Cyril H. Wecht, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1980. 

61.   Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and the Shroud - A Medical
                        Examiner Investigates the Crucifixion -
                        Angelus / Exposition Press, Smithtown, N.J., 1982. 

61.     Zugibe, F.T., "Did Christ Have Marfan's Syndrome?"  La
                        Sindon",  Turin, Italy, Dec. 1983. 

62.     Zugibe, C.T., & Zugibe, F.T.  Reliability of the Chloride Test for Determining Death by Drowning in Fresh Water-.For. Sci. 1983. 

63.     Zugibe, F.T.,  "Death by Crucifixion" - Can. Soc. For. Sci. Jour. 17:1-13, 1984. 

64.     Bidanset, J., Zugibe, F.T. and Segelbacher, J.C.,  An Investigation of an Acute Death in a Case  Involving the Ingestion of Leaded Gasoline.  Proceed. of Northeast Academy of Forensic      Sciences, Uniondale, New York, Oct. 1985. 

65.     Zugibe, F.T., Death by Crucifixion, Queries, Comments, 
                        Biblical Archeology Review 11:24, 1985. 

66.     Zugibe, F.T., Taylor, J., Weg, N., DiBennerdo, R., Costello, J. T., and DeForest, P.  M.F.P.T, 3. Identification of John J. Sullivan The Missing Journalist.  J. of For. Sci. 30:221-231, 1985. 

67.     Zugibe, F.T. and Costello, J.T., Identification of a Murder Weapon by a Peculiar Blunt Force Injury Pattern and Histochemical Analysis J. of Forensic Sci. 30:239-242, 1985. 

68.     Zugibe, F.T. and Costello, J.T., A New Method  For Softening Mummified Fingers.  J. of Forensic Sciences 31:726-731, 1985. 

69.     Zugibe, F.T. and Costello, J.T., The Jig Saw Puzzle
                         Identification of a Hit and Run Victim. J. of Forensic
                         Sciences 31:329-332, 1986.

70.   Zugibe, F.T. and Costello, J.T., Identification of the Murder
                        Weapon by Intricate Patterned Injury Measurements.
                        J. of For. Sci. 31:773-777, 1986.

71.     Zugibe, F.T.  The Pathologist as Expert Witness, Human Pathology 17:206, 1986. 

72.   Zugibe, F.T., Fourteen Days to a Healthy Heart - Macmillan Publishing Co., New York., 1986. 

73.     Zugibe, F.T., Costello, J.T, Breithaupt, M.K., Zappi, E. and Allyn, B.  The Confined Space-Hypoxia Syndrome. J. of For. Sciences 32:554-559, 1987. 

74.     Zugibe, F.T., New Evidence May Explain the Image on the
   Shroud: Queries and Comments: Biblical  
   Arch.Review 13: 63-65, 1987. 

75.     Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and the Shroud - A Medical Inquiry into the Crucifixion, Second Edition - Paragon House Publishing Co., New York 1988. 

76.     Zugibe, F.T., The Man of the Shroud was Washed. Sindon 1:171- 179, 1989. 

77.     Zugibe, F.T., Costello, J.T., & Breithaupt, M.K., Gunshot
                        Wound to the Back of Head Self-Defense vs
                         Homicide, Journal of the Forensic Science Society
                         29:255-259, 1989. 

78.     Zugibe, F.T., Crucifixion of Jesus:  Two Questions About Crucifixion: Does the Victim Die of Crucifixion? Would Nails in the Hands Hold the Weight of the Body? Bible Review: Vol. V: 34-43, Mar. 1989. 

79.     Zugibe, F.T., Review of Poison Detection in Human Organs
                         by  A.S. Curry, Charles C. Thomas 
                         Publisher, 1988 in Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 113:814,
                         1989. 

80.      Mitchell, E.K., Prior, J.T., Forbes, N.T., Hyland, M.J.,
                         Menchel, S.M., Uku, J.M, Zugibe,F.T.: Historical
                          perspective and a proposal for forensic medical
                          services in New York State. N.Y. State J. Med.;
                          11:497-500, 1991. 

81.      Zugibe, F.T., Review of Histochemistry in Pathology, edited by M. Isabel Filipe and Brian D. Lake, Churchill Livingstone, Publisher, in Arch Pathol. Lab Med 116:304, 1992. 

82.     Zappi, E., Zappi, M., Breithaupt, M.K., & Zugibe, F.T., Intraventricular Lipoma and Sudden Death - J. of For. Sciences 38:489-492, 1993. 

83.     Bidanset, J., Dettling, R., Salerno C., Segelbacher, J., Redner, W.J., Zugibe, F.T.  "The Tissue Distribution of Ethanol, Cocaine and Heroin, A Case Study".  Proceedings of The Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences 40th Anniversary Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada - September 8 - 11, 1993. 

84.     Zugibe, F.T., Costello, J. The Ice Man Murder: One of a
                         Series of Contract Murders. J. of For. Sciences
                         38:1404-1408, 1993. 

85.     Zugibe, F.T. Sr., Zugibe, F.T. Jr., Costello, J.T., Breithaupt, M.K., Hypoplastic Coronary Artery Disease Within the Spectrum of Sudden Unexpected death in Young Adults - Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology  14: 276-283, 1993.

86.     Costello, J. and Zugibe, F.T. Identification of a Homicide
                         Victim by a Casio Data Bank Watch. J. of  For.
                         Sciences  39: 117-119, 1994.  

87.     Zappi, E., Zappi, M. and  Zugibe, F. T.,   Disseminated
                         Cryptococcosis and Sudden Death,
                          American  Journal of Forensic Medicine and
                           Pathology 16, 38-41, 1995.   

88.     Zugibe, F.T. and Costello, J.   Protective Gloves for High-
                          Risk Autopsies.  The Amer. J. of Forensic 
                          Medicine & Pathology  16: 182, 1995. 

89.    Zugibe, F.T. , Costello, J.T., Breithaupt, M.K.  Identification
                            of a Killer by a Definitive Sneaker Pattern  and the
                            Identification of an Air Coupler and Broom Stick
                            used in the beating. American Journal of  Forensic
                            Sciences 41: 310-313,1996. 

90.      Zugibe, F.T., Costello, J.T., Segelbacher, J.  The Horrors of
                            Visual Identification. [Guest Editorial] J. Forensic
                             Ident. 46:403-06, 1996. 

91.      Zugibe, F.T. and Costello, J.T., Response to Commentary by
                           Dipl-Ing. G. Spieles, B.E. on "The Ice Man
                           Murders", J. of  For. Sciences 40:166-167, 1995..

92.    Zugibe, F.T., Barbet Revisited,  Sindon,"  Nuovo series,
   Quad.#8,  pp 109-121, 1995. 

93.     Zugibe, F.T., When is a Person A Person?, The Code for
                        Human Life,   The Catholic Answer 9: 40-45, 1996. 

94.     Zugibe, F.T.,  Review of  Grave Secrets by Cyril Wecht,
                         (1996) published by Dutton, N.Y. in JAMA, 1997. 

95.     Zugibe, F.T.  Costello, J. and Breithaupt, M. Cardiotoxic
                         Mechanisms and Interrelationships of  cocaine: Including
                          a Single Case Depicting Several of These Mechanisms. 
                          J.Clin.For.Med. 5:140-146, 1998.  

96.      Zugibe, F.T.   Costello, J., Breithaupt, M. and Segelbacher,
                          J.   Model Organ Description Protocols for
                          Completion by Transplant Surgeons Using Organs
                           Procured From Medical Examiner Cases. J.
                           Transpl. Coord. 9: 73-80,1999. 

97.    Zugibe, F.T.  Death by Crucifixion on the Shroud in
                          Proceedings of the 1998 Dallas Symposium; the
                          Shroud of Turin; Unraveling the Mystery edit. By
                          Adler, A., Piczek, D.I., and Minor, M. Alexander
                          Books, North Carolina,pges.247-253, 2000.  

98.    Zugibe, F.  The Hand Wound on the Shroud in Proceedings
                          of the 1998 Dallas Symposium, The Shroud of
                          Turin; Unraveling the Mystery edit. By Adler, A.,
                           Piczek, D.I., and Minor, M. Alexander Books, North
                           Carolina, pges.254-258, 2000.

99.       Zugibe, F.T.   Sids Not Homicide Because Mom Confessed
                           [Commentary] in The Forensic Panel  Letter,  July
                           2000.
http://www.forensicpanel.com/letter 

100.     Zugibe, F.T.   The Hand Wound Controversy; in the
                           Proceedings of the 1999 Shroud of Turin
                            International Research Conference, Richmond
                           Va. Edited by Bryan J. Walsh  Magisterium Press,
                           Va.,pges.9-16, 2000.

101.   Zugibe, F.T.   Forensic and Clinical Knowledge of the
                           Practice of Crucifixion; A Forensic Way of the
                           Cross  in The Turin Shroud; Past, Present and
                            Future, edit. by S. Scannerini and P. Savarino, 
                            International Sci. Sympos.,Turin, Italy Mar. 2000,
                            Effata Editrice, pges. 235- 258, 2000.

102.      Zugibe, F.T.   Doctors at Calvary: Victims of Crucifixion
                           Were Unable to Push Themselves Up While
                            Fastened to the Cross  53:22-29, 2001. British
                            Society for theTurin Shroud Issue # 53 :22-29,
                            ( July ) 2001.

 103.    Zugibe, F.T.   Experimental Studies in Crucifixion in
                             Proceedings of the 1998 Dallas Symposium; the
                             Shroud of Turin; Unraveling the Mystery edit. By
                             Adler, A., Piczek, D.I., and Minor, M.,   Alexander
                              Books, North Carolina, pges. 2001.

104.      Zugibe, F.T.   New Experimental Studies in Crucifixion in
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